Last modified: April 14, 2025

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First Normal Form

All relations must be flat: we say that the relation is in first normal form

• Every cell holds a single value

• Table is two-dimensional – just rows and columns

• No nested structures (arrays, objects, sub-tables)

❌ Not in 1NF:

StudentID	Name	Courses
1	Alice	Math, Physics
2	Bob	English, History

✅ 1NF (Flat Table):

StudentID	Name	Course
1	Alice	Math
1	Alice	Physics
2	Bob	English
2	Bob	History